Aniline

Aniline is a organic and toxic compound aniline consist a phenyl and attach an amino group so formula of aniline is C6H5NH2 and structure of aniline is a prototypical amine and use in manufacture and other industries of chemicals it’s also known as phenyl benzene it’s commonly prepare reduction of nitro benzene. Aniline is a oily liquid it’s colour yellowish to brown melting point 6C and boiling point 184C it’s slightly soluble in water it’s produces toxics oxides it’s used to chemicals and manufacture specially dyes agricultural and photographic chemicals.

Structure:    
                

                                                                                                                                      Aniline has structure 2D they are 3D conformers     

Preparation of amine

Reaction with nitro benzene:

                                      When nitrobenzene react with hydrogen (200-300C) in the presence of metal catalyst so we can get aniline

                                      

Conversion of the phenyl ammonium ions into phenyl amine:

                                                                                                             Hydrogen ion removes from ammonia and we can get aniline or phenol react with ammonia in presence of catalyst ZnCl2 at 3ooc we can get aniline

Resonance structure of Aniline:

Reactions of Aniline

  Azo dyes formation to aniline:                                                                                                                            

 Aniline reacts with NaNo2 and HCl at oc to 5c and formed azo group it’s react with auxochrome it’s called a coupling reaction and formed azo dyes                                                                                                                                                                    

So we can azo dyes to aniline it’s a sharp colour dye like red and orange                                                                                                                                                    we can make mauvine and aniline black to oxidation of aniline it’s reaction did Perkin in 1856 this reaction is very useful Blue jeans one of the chemical that used to prepare indigo dye used jeans called aniline.

                                    Other Reactions of Aniline

           Basicity:                                                                                                                               

Aniline is a weak base due to inductive effect and electronegative effect sp2 carbon to a resonance effect because lone pair of nitrogen is partially delocalized of nitrogen in benzene rings

Acetylation            :                                                                                                                                                                                                        when aniline reacts with Acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride so hydrogen reacts with Acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride and acetanilide get                                                                  NH2C6H5+CH3COCl _C6H5NHCOCH3+HCl 

This processes is called Acylation of Aniline

Alkylation:                                                                                                                                                   there is N-methylation of aniline with the methanol give N-methyl aniline and di methyl aniline                                                                                                                                                  C6H5NH2+2CH3OH_C6H5N (CH3)2+2H2O

N methyl aniline and dimethyl Aniline are colourless liquid and these derivatives are use and importance in color industry secondary and tertiary amine combine with alkyl iodide

Derivative carbon disulfide:

                                                              Boiled with carbon di sulfide (Cs (NHC6H5)2) and it’s can decompose into phenyl iso thiocyanate (C6H5CNS)

                                                uses of Aniline                                                                 
 Aniline use in Rubber Industry:                                                                                                                                  Rubber use for many things to make tire for cars, sports Balls, Gloves and balloons in order to make rubber aniline is also used to make phenylenedimine and di phenyl amine which are additions to rubber   
                                Herbicides and Fungicides:                                                                                                                                              in agriculture industry crops can experience and weeds can pop up infection due to organisms so for these problems fungicides and herbicides are needed and Aniline is a chemical substance for needed to manufacture the herbicides to kill fungicides and weeds also because fungicides to kill organisms that are harmful to plants.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 Preparation of iso cyanates:                                                                                                                                                     Aniline used to make isocyanates and isocyanate are needed in the production of polyurethane it’s need to make plastic building, thermal foam. Refrigerators and make spandex fiber for athletic clothes.

                                    Aniline developments in medicines

As a analgesic drug:                                                                                                                                            aniline emerged as a analgesic drug suppressive countered with caffeine side effects it’s discovery did in 19 century and in 20^th century Alexander Fleming’s report  on the effect of penicillin

Sulfa drugs:                                                                                                                                 In 1940 identified an antibacterial red azo dyes as the first antibacterial drug sulfanilamide sulfa drugs were produce and Fleming’s penicillin into the 1^st systemic antibiotic drug